tables of laws

aes, aeris (often used in plur. nom. and acc.; abl. aeribus, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll., and Lucr. 2, 636; gen. AERVM, Inscr. Orell. 3551), n. [cf. Germ. Eisen = iron, Erz = copper; Goth. aiz = copper, gold; Angl.Sax. ar, ær = ore, copper, brass; Eng. iron, ore; Lat. aurum; with the com. notion of brightness; cf. aurora, etc.].

Any crude metal dug out of the earth, except gold and silver; esp.,

Aes Cyprium, whence cuprum, copper: scoria aeris, copper dross or scoria, Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

aeris flos,

flowers of copper, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

squama aeris,

scales of copper, Cels. 2, 12 init.:

aes fundere,

Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94:

conflare et temperare,

id. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

India neque aes neque plumbum habet,

id. 34, 17, 48, § 163:

aurum et argentum et aes,

Vulg. Ex. 25, 3.—

An alloy, for the most part of copper and tin, bronze (brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, was hardly known to the ancients. For their bronze coins the Greeks adhered to copper and tin till B.C. 400, after which they added lead. Silver is rare in Greek bronze coins. The Romans admitted lead into their bronze coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, and, under Calig., Nero, Vesp., and Domit., issued pure copper coins, and then reverted to the mixture of lead. In the bronze mirrors now existing, which are nearly all Etruscan, silver predominated to give a highly reflecting surface. The antique bronze had about 87 parts of copper to 13 of tin. An analysis of several objects has given the following centesimal parts: statua ex aere, Cic. Phil. 9, 6:

simulacrum ex aere factum,

Plin. 34, 4, 9, § 15:

valvas ex aere factitavere,

id. 34, 3, 7, § 13.—Hence:

ducere aliquem ex aere,

to cast one's image in bronze, id. 7, 37, 38, § 125; and in the same sense poet.:

ducere aera,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240:

aes Corinthium,

Plin. 34, 2, 3, §§ 5-8; v. Corinthius.—

Meton.

(Esp. in the poets.) For everything made or prepared from copper, bronze, etc. ( statues, tables of laws, money), and (as the ancients had the art of hardening and tempering copper and bronze) weapons, armor, utensils of husbandry: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, the trumpet sounds, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 32 (Trag. v. 213 Vahl.):

Et prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus: Aere solum terrae tractabant, aereque belli Miscebant fluctus et vulnera vasta serebant, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 1287:

quae ille in aes incidit, in quo populi jussa perpetuasque leges esse voluit,

Cic. Phil. 1, 17; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1; Tac. A. 11, 14; 12, 53; id. H. 4, 40: aere ( with the trumpet, horn) ciere viros, Verg. A. 6, 165:

non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi,

Ov. M. 1, 98 (hence also rectum aes, the tuba, in contr. with the crooked buccina, Juv. 2, 118); a brazen prow, Verg. A. 1, 35; the brazen age, Hor. Epod. 16, 64.—In plur.: aera, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Verg. A. 2, 734; Hor. C. 4, 8, 2 al.—

Money: the first Roman money consisted of small rude masses of copper, called aes rude, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; afterwards as coined:

aes signatum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43;

so aes alone: si aes habent, dant mercem,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 49:

ancilla aere suo empta,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 26: aes circumforaneum. borrowed from the brokers in the forum, Cic. Att. 2, 1: Hic meret aera liber Sosiis, earns them money, Hor. A. P. [p. 61] 345:

gravis aere dextra,

Verg. E. 1, 36:

effusum est aes tuum,

Vulg. Ez. 16, 36:

neque in zona aes (tollerent),

ib. Maarc. 6, 8:

etiam aureos nummos aes dicimus,

Dig. 50, 16, 159.—Hence,

Aes alienum, lit. the money of another; hence, in reference to him who has it, the sum owed, a debt, Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 2:

habere aes alienum,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6:

aes alienum amicorum suscipere,

to take upon one's self, id. Off. 2, 16:

contrahere,

to run up, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

facere,

id. Att. 13, 46:

conflare,

Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3:

in aes alienum incidere,

to fall into debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 9:

in aere alieno esse,

to be in debt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 6; so,

aere alieno oppressum esse,

id. Font. 1; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 22, 2:

laborare ex aere alieno,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22:

liberare se aere alieno,

to get quit of, Cic. Att. 6, 2; so,

aes alienum dissolvere,

id. Sull. 56:

aere alieno exire,

to get out of, id. Phil. 11, 6.—

In aere meo est, trop., he is, as it were, among my effects, he is my friend (only in the language of common conversation):

in animo habui te in aere meo esse propter Lamiae nostri conjunctionem,

Cic. Fam. 13, 62; 15, 14.—

Alicujus aeris esse, to be of some value, Gell. 18, 5.—

In aere suo censeri, to be esteemed according to its own worth, Sen. Ep. 87.—

Sometimes = as, the unit of the standard of money (cf. as); hence, aes grave, the old heary money (as weighed, not counted out):

denis milibus aeris gravis reos condemnavit,

Liv. 5, 12:

indicibus dena milia aeris gravis, quae tum divitiae habebantur, data,

id. 4, 60; so, aes alone and in the gen. sing., instead of assium:

aeris miliens, triciens,

a hundred millions, three millions, Cic. Rep. 3, 10:

qui milibus aeris quinquaginta census fuisset,

Liv. 24, 11.—Also for coins that are smaller than an as (quadrans, triens, etc.):

nec pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum aere, i. e. quadrante, lavantur (those who bathed paid each a quadrans),

Juv. 2, 152 (cf.:

dum tu quadrante lavatum Rex ibis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 137).—

Wages, pay.

A soldier's pay = stipendium:

negabant danda esse aera militibus,

Liv. 5, 4. And soon after: annua aera habes: annuam operam ede.— Hence in plur., = stipendia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33.—

Reward, payment, in gen., Juv. 6, 125: nullum in bonis numero, quod ad aes exit, that has in view or aims at pay, reward, Sen. Ep. 88.—

In plur.: aera, counters; hence also the items of a computed sum (for which, later, a sing. form aera, ae (q. v.), came into use): si aera singula probāsti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. ap. Non. 3, 18.

tăbŭla, ae, f. [root ta-, tab; whence also taberna, q. v.], a board, plank.

In gen.:

si tabulam de naufragio stultus arripuerit,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; cf. id. Att. 4, 18, 3; Verg. A. 1, 119:

laceras tabulas in litore vidi,

Ov. M. 11, 428:

tabula navis,

Juv. 14, 289; Verg. A. 9, 537:

inauratae,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 114:

latera (fossarum) cluduntur tabulis,

id. 33, 4, 21, § 76:

perforatae,

Col. 7, 4, 5.—Esp., a board to play on, Ov. de Nuce, 77; Sen. Tranq. An. 14, 7; Juv. 1, 90.—

In partic.

A writing-tablet; also, a tablet written upon, a writing, as a letter, contract, account, list, will, etc. (cf. tabella):

tabulae litteris Graecis confectae,

Caes. B. G. 1, 29:

cerata,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 18: litteraria, a writing-tablet for children, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 10; cf.:

laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 74; id. Ep. 1, 1, 56:

ponatur calculus assint Cum tabula pueri,

Juv. 9, 41: tabula calculatoria, Schol. Juv. 7, 73.—

Plur., a book of account:

pro tabulis, Ubi aera perscribuntur usuraria,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 52; cf.:

multum differt, in arcāne positum sit argentum, an in tabulis debeatur,

Cic. Top. 3, 16:

litterae lituraeque omnes assimulatae, expressae, de tabulis in libros transferuntur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 189:

aliquid in tabulas referre,

id. Fl. 9, 20:

tabulas conficere,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 97; id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 60; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 5:

unae tabulae proferantur, in quibus vestigium sit aliquod, quod, etc.,

id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2): novae, new account-books (by substituting which for the old ones debts were abolished in whole or in part), id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; id. Off. 2, 23, 84; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21; cf. Sall. C. 21, 2. —

A counter, office where records are kept:

suos necessarios conrogat, ut ad tabulam Sextiam sibi adsint horā secundā,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25. —

Adest ad tabulam: licetur Aebutius (a tablet on which an auction was advertised);

hence,

an auction, Cic. Caecin. 6, 16; cf.:

sin ad tabulam venimus, vincemus facultates Othonis,

id. Att. 12, 40, 4. —

Of public records, etc.:

tabula praerogativae,

a list of votes, Cic. Pis. 5, 11; cf. Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 18; 3, 17, 1; Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 2, 8:

qui de tabulis publicis recitat,

public records, State papers, Cic. Fl. 17, 40; so,

publicae,

id. Arch. 4, 8; Liv. 26, 36, 11.—Esp., the censor ' s lists:

tabularum cura,

Liv. 4. 8, 4:

memoria publica recensionis tabulis publicis impressa,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74; Flor. 1, 6, 3; cf.:

tabulae aereae, in quibus publicae constitutiones inciduntur,

Plin. 34, 9, 21, § 99:

XII. tabulae,

the Twelve Tables, Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54; so of the tables of the laws:

decem tabulas conscripsisse,

id. ib. 2, 36, 61:

duabus tabulis additis,

id. ib. 2, 37, 63; id. de Or. 1, 43, 193; 1, 44, 195 al.; v. duodecim; cf.:

nequa tabula ullius decreti Caesaris aut beneficii figeretur,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

tabula Sullae,

the list of proscribed persons, Juv. 2, 28; Mart. 5, 69, 2; Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; 9, 26.—

Of any formal or solemn writing:

in tabulas multis haec via fecit iter,

i. e. a will, testament, Ov. A. A. 2, 332; Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 11; Juv. 2, 58; 4, 19; 12, 123; 14, 55; Mart. 5, 39, 2:

Dicaearchi tabulae,

maps, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 3:

lapideae,

Vulg. Exod. 24, 12; id. 2 Cor. 3, 3. —

A painted tablet or panel, a painting, picture:

tabula picta,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 34; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 36; Cic. Brut. 75, 261:

imago in tabulis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3; id. de Or. 1, 35, 161; id. Par. 5, 2, 37; Prop. 1, 2, 22; 2, 3, 41; Plin. 35, 9, 36, § 64. — Prov.: manum de tabulā, take your hand from the picture! enough! it is finished! sed heus tu, manum de tabulā, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1; cf.:

dixit (Apelles)... uno se praestare, quod manum de tabulā sciret tollere,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80. —

A votive-tablet (on which a shipwreck was painted):

me tabula sacer Votiva paries indicat, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 13:

largire inopi, ne pictus oberret Caeruleā in tabulā,

Pers. 6, 32 (cf.:

mersā rate naufragus assem Dum rogat et pictā se tempestate tuetur,

Juv. 14, 301). —

A bed or plot of ground in a vineyard, Pall. Jan. 11; id. Febr. 10, 1; 9, 9; Auct. Limit. p. 311 Goes.—

A fold in a garment, Tert. Pall. 1 and 5.

rĕ-fīgo, xi, xum, 3, v. a., to unfix, unfasten, unloose, tear or pluck down, pull out or off (class.).

Lit.:

num figentur rursus eae tabulae, quas vos decretis vestris refixistis?

have taken down, Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 12:

affixis hostium spoliis, quae nec emptori refigere liceret,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 7; so,

clipeo refixo,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 11:

clipeum de poste Neptuni sacro,

Verg. A. 5, 360:

signa Parthorum templis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 56:

clipeos captos in bello,

Sil. 10, 601:

dentes,

to pull out, extract, Cels. 6, 15 fin.:

refigere se crucibus,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 19 fin.; cf.:

refixum corpus interfectoris cremavit,

Just. 9, 7, 11. — Poet.:

caelo refixa sidera,

loosened, falling down, Verg. A. 5, 527:

non hasta refixas vendit opes,

the plundered goods, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 497.—

Transf.

To take down the tables of the laws suspended in public, i. e. to annul, abolish, abrogate laws:

acta M. Antonii rescidistis, leges refixistis,

Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 5; cf.:

cujus aera refigere debeamus,

id. Fam. 12, 1 fin.: fixit leges pretio atque refixit, for a bribe, Verg, A. 6, 622.—

To take away, remove: quo facilius nostra refigere deportareque tuto possimus, Curius ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 29, 1.

arbĭter, tri, m. [ar = ad (v. ad init.) and bito = eo], orig., one that goes to something in order to see or hear it; hence, a spectator, beholder, hearer, an eye-witness, a witness (class. through all periods; used several times by Plaut., but only twice by Ter.; syn.: testis, speculator, conscius).

In gen.:

aequi et justi hic eritis omnes arbitri,

Plaut. Am. prol. 16:

mi quidem jam arbitri vicini sunt, meae quid fiat domi, Ita per impluvium introspectant,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 3:

ne arbitri dicta nostra arbitrari (i. e. speculari, v. arbitror) queant,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 28; so id. ib. 2, 1, 34; id. Cas. 1, 1, 2; 1, 1, 55; id. Mil. 4, 4, 1; id. Merc. 5, 4, 46; id. Poen. 1, 1, 50; 3, 3, 50; id. Trin. 1, 2, 109:

aut desine aut cedo quemvis arbitrum,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 43:

quis est decisionis arbiter?

Cic. Fl. 36:

ab arbitris remoto loco,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 31:

remotis arbitris,

after the removal of, id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

omnibus arbitris procul amotis,

Sall. C. 20, 1 Corte:

arbitros eicit,

Liv. 1, 41:

remotis arbitris,

id. 2, 4:

sine arbitro,

id. 27, 28:

absque arbitris,

Vulg. Gen. 39, 11:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

Cic. Att. 15, 16 B; Just. 21, 4:

secretorum omnium arbiter, i. e. conscius,

Curt. 3, 12, 9:

procul est, ait, arbiter omnis,

Ov. M. 2, 458 (cf. id. ib. 4, 63: conscius omnis abest).—

Esp.

In judic. lang., t. t., prop., he that is appointed to inquire into a cause (cf. adire hiberna, Tac. H. 1, 52, and intervenio) and settle it; hence, an umpire, arbiter, a judge, in an actio bonae fidei (i. e. who decides acc. to equity, while the judex decides acc. to laws), Sen. Ben. 3, 7 (cf. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 3 B, § 8; 3 B, § 42; 3 B, § 60 sq., and the jurists there cited).— So in the fragments of the Twelve Tables: JVDICI. ARBITROVE. REOVE. DIES. DIFFISVS. ESTO., ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. reus, p. 227 Müll.: Prae TOR. ARBITROS. TRES. DATO. ap. Fest. s. v. vindiciae, p. 376 Müll., and the ancient judicial formula:

P. J. A. V. P. V. D., i. e. PRAETOREM JVDICEM ARBITRVMVE POSTVLO VTI DET,

Val. Prob. p. 1539 P.:

ibo ad arbitrum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 101; so id. ib. 4, 3, 104:

Vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus: Me cepere arbitrum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 90 (arbiter dabatur his, qui de finibus regendis ambigerent, Don.); so,

arbiter Nolanis de finibus a senatu datus,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33.—Of the Hebrew judges:

subjacebit damno, quantum arbitri judicaverint,

Vulg. Exod. 21, 22.—Hence, trop.:

Taurus immensus ipse et innumerarum gentium arbiter,

that sets boundaries to numerous tribes, Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 97:

arbitrum familiae herciscundae postulavit,

Cic. Caecin. 7: arbitrum illum adegit (i. e. ad arbitrum illum egit; cf.

adigo),

id. Off. 3, 16, 66:

quis in hanc rem fuit arbiter?

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12.—In the time of Cicero, when, acc. to the Lex Aebutia, the decisions were given in definite formulae of the praetor, the formal distinction between judex and arbiter disappeared, Cic. Mur. 12 fin. —

Transf. from the sphere of judicial proceedings, a judge, an arbitrator, umpire, in gen.: arbiter inter antiquam Academiam et Zenonem. Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

Judicet Dominus, arbiter hujus diei, inter etc.,

Vulg. Jud. 11, 27.—So of Paris:

arbiter formae,

Ov. H. 16, 69: pugnae, the judge, umpire of the contest, ho brabeutês, Hor. C. 3, 20, 11:

favor arbiter coronae,

which adjudged the prize of victory, Mart. 7, 72, 10.—

He that rules over, governs, or manages something, a lord, ruler, master (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; syn.: rex, dominus): arbiter imperii (Augustus), Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 47:

armorum (Mars),

id. F. 3, 73:

bibendi,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 25 (cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 18: nec regna vini sortiere talis, and in Gr. basileus tou sumposiou):

quo (sc. Noto) non arbiter Hadriae Major,

who rules over the sea, id. ib. 1, 3, 15:

arbiter Eurystheus irae Junonis iniquae,

i. e. the executor, fulfiller of her wrath, Ov. H. 9, 45 al. —In prose, Tac. A. 1, 26:

regni,

id. ib. 13, 14, where Halm reads arbitrium:

rerum,

id. ib. 2, 73:

di potentium populorum arbitri,

id. ib. 15, 24:

(JOVI) RERVM RECTORI FATORVMQVE ARBITRO,

Inscr. Orell. 1269 et saep.

auctōrĭtas (not autōr- nor authōr-), ātis, f. [auctor], acc. to the different signiff. of that word,

In gen., a producing, production, invention, cause (very rare;

syn.: auctoramentum, sententia, judicium, consilium, vis, pondus, favor, gratia): quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas (sc. rumoris),

originator, inventor, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

ejus facti qui sint principes et inventores, qui denique auctoritatis ejus et inventionis comprobatores,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43:

utrum poëtae Stoicos depravārint, an Stoici poëtis dederint auctoritatem, non facile dixerim,

id. N. D. 3, 38, 91.—

Esp.,

A view, opinion, judgment:

errat vehementer, si quis in orationibus nostris auctoritates nostras consignatas se habere arbitratur,

Cic. Clu. 50, 139:

reliquum est, ut de Q. Catuli auctoritate et sententiā dicendum esse videatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20; 22:

Mihi quidem ex animo eximi non potest, esse deos, id tamen ipsum, quod mihi persuasum est auctoritate majorum, cur ita sit, nihil tu me doces,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 7:

plus apud me antiquorum auctoritas valet,

id. Lael. 4, 13.—

Counsel, advice, persuasion, encouragement to something (esp. if made with energy and sustained by the authority and influence of the counsellor; cf.

auctor, I. C.): auctoritatem defugere,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 19:

Jubeo, cogo atque impero. Numquam defugiam auctoritatem,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 99 Ruhnk.: attende jam, Torquate, quam ego defugiam auctoritatem consulatūs mei, how little pleased (ironically) I am that the occurrences of my consulship are ascribed to my exertions, my influence, Cic. Sull. 11, 33:

cujus (Reguli) cum valuisset auctoritas, captivi retenti sunt,

id. Off. 3, 27, 100:

jure, legibus, auctoritate omnium, qui consulebantur, testamentum fecerat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42:

ejus (Sexti) mihi vivit auctoritas,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

his rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3: ut per auctoritatem earum civitatium suae preces nuper repudiatae faciliorem aditum ad senatum haberent, i. e. agentibus, intervenientibus, Liv. 38, 3 al.—Also consolatory exhortation, consolation, comfort:

his autem litteris animum tuum...amicissimi hominis auctoritate confirmandum etiam atque etiam puto,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—

Will, pleasure, decision, bidding, command, precept, decree:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, consilium autem eorum, qui scripserunt, et rationem et auctoritatem relinquamus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 51:

verba servire hominum consiliis et auctoritatibus,

id. ib. 18, 52:

legio auctoritatem Caesaris persecuta est,

id. Phil. 3, 3:

nisi legiones ad Caesaris auctoritatem se contulissent,

under his command, guidance, id. Fam. 10, 28 fin. —Hence,

Esp., in political lang., t. t.

Senatūs auctoritas,

The will of the senate:

agrum Picenum contra senatūs auctoritatem dividere,

Cic. Sen. 4, 11.—More freq.,

A decree of the senate, = Senatūs consultum:

Senatūs vetus auctoritas de Bacchanalibus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37:

sine senatūs auctoritate foedus facere,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

Senatūs auctoritas gravissima intercessit,

id. Fam. 1, 2 fin.:

responditque ita ex auctoritate senatūs consul,

Liv. 7, 31:

imperio non populi jussu, non ex auctoritate patrum dato,

id. 26, 2:

Neminem exulum nisi ex Senatūs auctoritate restituit,

Suet. Claud. 12:

citra senatūs populique auctoritatem,

id. Caes. 28 al. —Hence the superscription to the decrees of the Senate:

SENATVS. CONSVLTI. AVCTORITAS., abbrev., S. C. A.,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—Sometimes between senatūs auctoritas and senatūs consultum this distinction is to be made, that the former designates a decision of the senate, invalidated by the protestation of the tribune of the people or by the people themselves;

the latter, one that is passed without opposition,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8; Liv. 4, 57.—

Auctoritas populi, the popular will or decision:

isti principes et sibi et ceteris populi universi auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22; so,

publica,

Vell. 2, 62, 3; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—

Auctoritas collegii (pontificum), Liv. 34, 44; cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 19 and 21.—

Liberty, ability, power, authority to do according to one's pleasure:

qui habet imperium a populo Romano auctoritatem legum dandarum ab senatu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49:

Verres tantum sibi auctoritatis in re publicā suscepit, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 58: Invita in hoc loco versatur oratio;

videtur enim auctoritatem adferre peccandi,

id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

Senatūs faciem secum attulerat auctoritatemque populi Romani,

id. Phil. 8, 8.—

Might, power, authority, reputation, dignity, influence, weight (very freq.):

ut vostra auctoritas Meae auctoritati fautrix adjutrixque sit, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 40: aequitate causae et auctoritate suā aliquem commovere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48:

id maximā auctoritate philosophi adfirmant,

id. Off. 3, 29, 105:

Digna est memoriā Q. Catuli cum auctoritas tum verecundia,

Vell. 2, 32:

optimatium auctoritatem deminuere,

Suet. Caes. 11; so,

auctoritatem habere,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10 fin.; id. Sen. 17, 60:

adripere,

id. ib. 18, 62; id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

facere,

to procure, obtain, id. Imp. Pomp. 15: Grandis auctoritatis es et bene regis regnum Israël, * Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

imminuere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37 fin.:

levare,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

fructus capere auctoritatis,

id. Sen. 18, 62:

Quae sunt voluptates corporis cum auctoritatis praemiis comparandae?

id. ib. 18, 64 et saep. — Transf. to things, importance, significance, weight, power, worth, value, estimation:

bos in pecuariā maximā debet esse auctoritate,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

sunt certa legum verba... quo plus auctoritatis habeant, paulo antiquiora,

more weight, force, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:

totius hujusce rei quae sit vis, quae auctoritas, quod pondus, ignorant,

id. Fl. 4:

utilitatis species falsa ab honestatis auctoritate superata est,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109: cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem, of this honorable place, i. e. the rostra, id. Imp. Pomp 1:

bibliothecas omnium philosophorum mihi videtur XII. tabularum libellus auctoritatis pondere superare,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; id. Fam. 1, 7; Dolab. ap. Cic. ib. 9, 9 fin.:

auctoritas praecipua lupo (pisci),

Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61: Post eum (Maecenatum) interiit auctoritas sapori (pullorum [p. 200] asinorum), id. 8, 43, 68, § 170 Jan:

unguentorum,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 4:

auctoritas dignitasque formae,

Suet. Claud. 30.—Also of feigned, assumed authority:

nec cognovi quemquam, qui majore auctoritate nihil diceret,

that said nothing with a greater air of authority, Cic. Div. 2, 67, 139.—

An example, pattern, model:

omnium superiorum auctoritatem repudiare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

memoriā digna juventuti rei publicae capessendae auctoritas disciplinaque,

id. Sest. 6, 14:

valuit auctoritas,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 93; 2, 5, 32:

tu is es qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, sed auctoritati aliorum pareas,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16 al.—

A warrant, security for establishing a fact, assertion, etc., credibility:

cum ea (justitia) sine prudentiā satis habeat auctoritatis,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 34:

desinant putare, auctoritatem esse in eo testimonio, cujus auctor inventus est nemo,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

Quid vero habet auctoritatis furor iste, quem divinum vocatis?

id. Div. 2, 54, 110:

tollitur omnis auctoritas somniorum,

id. ib. 2, 59, 123:

cum ad vanitatem accessit auctoritas,

id. Lael. 25, 94.—

Meton., the things which serve for the verification or establishment of a fact.

A record, document:

videt legationes, cum publicis auctoritatibus convenisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

nihil putas valere in judiciis civitatum auctoritates ac litteras,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, § 146.—

The name of a person who is security for something, authority:

cum auctoritates principum conjurationis colligeret,

Cic. Sull. 13, 37:

sed tu auctoritates contemnis, ratione pugnas,

id. N. D. 3, 4, 9.—Hence for the names of persons present at the drawing up of a decree of the senate:

quod in auctoritatibus praescriptis exstat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 5: Senatūs consultum, quod tibi misi, factum est auctoritatesque perscriptae, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—

Right of possession (cf. auctor, II. F. 1.):

lex usum et auctoritatem fundi jubet esse biennium,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 54:

usūs auctoritas fundi biennium est,

id. Top. 4, 23; so id. Caecin. 26, 74; id. Har. Resp. 7; Lex Atin. ap. Gell. 17, 6; cf. Hugo, Rechtsgesch. p. 217 sq.—So in the laws of the XII. Tables: ADVERSVS. HOSTEM. AETERNA. AVCTORITAS., against a stranger the right of possession is perpetual (i. e. a stranger cannot, by prescription, obtain the right of possession to the property of a Roman), ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37.—

In jurid. lang., a guaranty, security, Paul. Sent. 2, 17.

auctōrĭtas (not autōr- nor authōr-), ātis, f. [auctor], acc. to the different signiff. of that word,

In gen., a producing, production, invention, cause (very rare;

syn.: auctoramentum, sententia, judicium, consilium, vis, pondus, favor, gratia): quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas (sc. rumoris),

originator, inventor, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

ejus facti qui sint principes et inventores, qui denique auctoritatis ejus et inventionis comprobatores,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43:

utrum poëtae Stoicos depravārint, an Stoici poëtis dederint auctoritatem, non facile dixerim,

id. N. D. 3, 38, 91.—

Esp.,

A view, opinion, judgment:

errat vehementer, si quis in orationibus nostris auctoritates nostras consignatas se habere arbitratur,

Cic. Clu. 50, 139:

reliquum est, ut de Q. Catuli auctoritate et sententiā dicendum esse videatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20; 22:

Mihi quidem ex animo eximi non potest, esse deos, id tamen ipsum, quod mihi persuasum est auctoritate majorum, cur ita sit, nihil tu me doces,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 7:

plus apud me antiquorum auctoritas valet,

id. Lael. 4, 13.—

Counsel, advice, persuasion, encouragement to something (esp. if made with energy and sustained by the authority and influence of the counsellor; cf.

auctor, I. C.): auctoritatem defugere,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 19:

Jubeo, cogo atque impero. Numquam defugiam auctoritatem,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 99 Ruhnk.: attende jam, Torquate, quam ego defugiam auctoritatem consulatūs mei, how little pleased (ironically) I am that the occurrences of my consulship are ascribed to my exertions, my influence, Cic. Sull. 11, 33:

cujus (Reguli) cum valuisset auctoritas, captivi retenti sunt,

id. Off. 3, 27, 100:

jure, legibus, auctoritate omnium, qui consulebantur, testamentum fecerat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42:

ejus (Sexti) mihi vivit auctoritas,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

his rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3: ut per auctoritatem earum civitatium suae preces nuper repudiatae faciliorem aditum ad senatum haberent, i. e. agentibus, intervenientibus, Liv. 38, 3 al.—Also consolatory exhortation, consolation, comfort:

his autem litteris animum tuum...amicissimi hominis auctoritate confirmandum etiam atque etiam puto,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—

Will, pleasure, decision, bidding, command, precept, decree:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, consilium autem eorum, qui scripserunt, et rationem et auctoritatem relinquamus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 51:

verba servire hominum consiliis et auctoritatibus,

id. ib. 18, 52:

legio auctoritatem Caesaris persecuta est,

id. Phil. 3, 3:

nisi legiones ad Caesaris auctoritatem se contulissent,

under his command, guidance, id. Fam. 10, 28 fin. —Hence,

Esp., in political lang., t. t.

Senatūs auctoritas,

The will of the senate:

agrum Picenum contra senatūs auctoritatem dividere,

Cic. Sen. 4, 11.—More freq.,

A decree of the senate, = Senatūs consultum:

Senatūs vetus auctoritas de Bacchanalibus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37:

sine senatūs auctoritate foedus facere,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

Senatūs auctoritas gravissima intercessit,

id. Fam. 1, 2 fin.:

responditque ita ex auctoritate senatūs consul,

Liv. 7, 31:

imperio non populi jussu, non ex auctoritate patrum dato,

id. 26, 2:

Neminem exulum nisi ex Senatūs auctoritate restituit,

Suet. Claud. 12:

citra senatūs populique auctoritatem,

id. Caes. 28 al. —Hence the superscription to the decrees of the Senate:

SENATVS. CONSVLTI. AVCTORITAS., abbrev., S. C. A.,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—Sometimes between senatūs auctoritas and senatūs consultum this distinction is to be made, that the former designates a decision of the senate, invalidated by the protestation of the tribune of the people or by the people themselves;

the latter, one that is passed without opposition,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8; Liv. 4, 57.—

Auctoritas populi, the popular will or decision:

isti principes et sibi et ceteris populi universi auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22; so,

publica,

Vell. 2, 62, 3; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—

Auctoritas collegii (pontificum), Liv. 34, 44; cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 19 and 21.—

Liberty, ability, power, authority to do according to one's pleasure:

qui habet imperium a populo Romano auctoritatem legum dandarum ab senatu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49:

Verres tantum sibi auctoritatis in re publicā suscepit, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 58: Invita in hoc loco versatur oratio;

videtur enim auctoritatem adferre peccandi,

id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

Senatūs faciem secum attulerat auctoritatemque populi Romani,

id. Phil. 8, 8.—

Might, power, authority, reputation, dignity, influence, weight (very freq.):

ut vostra auctoritas Meae auctoritati fautrix adjutrixque sit, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 40: aequitate causae et auctoritate suā aliquem commovere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48:

id maximā auctoritate philosophi adfirmant,

id. Off. 3, 29, 105:

Digna est memoriā Q. Catuli cum auctoritas tum verecundia,

Vell. 2, 32:

optimatium auctoritatem deminuere,

Suet. Caes. 11; so,

auctoritatem habere,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10 fin.; id. Sen. 17, 60:

adripere,

id. ib. 18, 62; id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

facere,

to procure, obtain, id. Imp. Pomp. 15: Grandis auctoritatis es et bene regis regnum Israël, * Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

imminuere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37 fin.:

levare,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

fructus capere auctoritatis,

id. Sen. 18, 62:

Quae sunt voluptates corporis cum auctoritatis praemiis comparandae?

id. ib. 18, 64 et saep. — Transf. to things, importance, significance, weight, power, worth, value, estimation:

bos in pecuariā maximā debet esse auctoritate,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

sunt certa legum verba... quo plus auctoritatis habeant, paulo antiquiora,

more weight, force, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:

totius hujusce rei quae sit vis, quae auctoritas, quod pondus, ignorant,

id. Fl. 4:

utilitatis species falsa ab honestatis auctoritate superata est,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109: cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem, of this honorable place, i. e. the rostra, id. Imp. Pomp 1:

bibliothecas omnium philosophorum mihi videtur XII. tabularum libellus auctoritatis pondere superare,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; id. Fam. 1, 7; Dolab. ap. Cic. ib. 9, 9 fin.:

auctoritas praecipua lupo (pisci),

Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61: Post eum (Maecenatum) interiit auctoritas sapori (pullorum [p. 200] asinorum), id. 8, 43, 68, § 170 Jan:

unguentorum,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 4:

auctoritas dignitasque formae,

Suet. Claud. 30.—Also of feigned, assumed authority:

nec cognovi quemquam, qui majore auctoritate nihil diceret,

that said nothing with a greater air of authority, Cic. Div. 2, 67, 139.—

An example, pattern, model:

omnium superiorum auctoritatem repudiare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

memoriā digna juventuti rei publicae capessendae auctoritas disciplinaque,

id. Sest. 6, 14:

valuit auctoritas,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 93; 2, 5, 32:

tu is es qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, sed auctoritati aliorum pareas,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16 al.—

A warrant, security for establishing a fact, assertion, etc., credibility:

cum ea (justitia) sine prudentiā satis habeat auctoritatis,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 34:

desinant putare, auctoritatem esse in eo testimonio, cujus auctor inventus est nemo,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

Quid vero habet auctoritatis furor iste, quem divinum vocatis?

id. Div. 2, 54, 110:

tollitur omnis auctoritas somniorum,

id. ib. 2, 59, 123:

cum ad vanitatem accessit auctoritas,

id. Lael. 25, 94.—

Meton., the things which serve for the verification or establishment of a fact.

A record, document:

videt legationes, cum publicis auctoritatibus convenisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

nihil putas valere in judiciis civitatum auctoritates ac litteras,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, § 146.—

The name of a person who is security for something, authority:

cum auctoritates principum conjurationis colligeret,

Cic. Sull. 13, 37:

sed tu auctoritates contemnis, ratione pugnas,

id. N. D. 3, 4, 9.—Hence for the names of persons present at the drawing up of a decree of the senate:

quod in auctoritatibus praescriptis exstat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 5: Senatūs consultum, quod tibi misi, factum est auctoritatesque perscriptae, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—

Right of possession (cf. auctor, II. F. 1.):

lex usum et auctoritatem fundi jubet esse biennium,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 54:

usūs auctoritas fundi biennium est,

id. Top. 4, 23; so id. Caecin. 26, 74; id. Har. Resp. 7; Lex Atin. ap. Gell. 17, 6; cf. Hugo, Rechtsgesch. p. 217 sq.—So in the laws of the XII. Tables: ADVERSVS. HOSTEM. AETERNA. AVCTORITAS., against a stranger the right of possession is perpetual (i. e. a stranger cannot, by prescription, obtain the right of possession to the property of a Roman), ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37.—

In jurid. lang., a guaranty, security, Paul. Sent. 2, 17.

auctōrĭtas (not autōr- nor authōr-), ātis, f. [auctor], acc. to the different signiff. of that word,

In gen., a producing, production, invention, cause (very rare;

syn.: auctoramentum, sententia, judicium, consilium, vis, pondus, favor, gratia): quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas (sc. rumoris),

originator, inventor, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

ejus facti qui sint principes et inventores, qui denique auctoritatis ejus et inventionis comprobatores,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43:

utrum poëtae Stoicos depravārint, an Stoici poëtis dederint auctoritatem, non facile dixerim,

id. N. D. 3, 38, 91.—

Esp.,

A view, opinion, judgment:

errat vehementer, si quis in orationibus nostris auctoritates nostras consignatas se habere arbitratur,

Cic. Clu. 50, 139:

reliquum est, ut de Q. Catuli auctoritate et sententiā dicendum esse videatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20; 22:

Mihi quidem ex animo eximi non potest, esse deos, id tamen ipsum, quod mihi persuasum est auctoritate majorum, cur ita sit, nihil tu me doces,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 7:

plus apud me antiquorum auctoritas valet,

id. Lael. 4, 13.—

Counsel, advice, persuasion, encouragement to something (esp. if made with energy and sustained by the authority and influence of the counsellor; cf.

auctor, I. C.): auctoritatem defugere,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 19:

Jubeo, cogo atque impero. Numquam defugiam auctoritatem,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 99 Ruhnk.: attende jam, Torquate, quam ego defugiam auctoritatem consulatūs mei, how little pleased (ironically) I am that the occurrences of my consulship are ascribed to my exertions, my influence, Cic. Sull. 11, 33:

cujus (Reguli) cum valuisset auctoritas, captivi retenti sunt,

id. Off. 3, 27, 100:

jure, legibus, auctoritate omnium, qui consulebantur, testamentum fecerat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42:

ejus (Sexti) mihi vivit auctoritas,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

his rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3: ut per auctoritatem earum civitatium suae preces nuper repudiatae faciliorem aditum ad senatum haberent, i. e. agentibus, intervenientibus, Liv. 38, 3 al.—Also consolatory exhortation, consolation, comfort:

his autem litteris animum tuum...amicissimi hominis auctoritate confirmandum etiam atque etiam puto,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—

Will, pleasure, decision, bidding, command, precept, decree:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, consilium autem eorum, qui scripserunt, et rationem et auctoritatem relinquamus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 51:

verba servire hominum consiliis et auctoritatibus,

id. ib. 18, 52:

legio auctoritatem Caesaris persecuta est,

id. Phil. 3, 3:

nisi legiones ad Caesaris auctoritatem se contulissent,

under his command, guidance, id. Fam. 10, 28 fin. —Hence,

Esp., in political lang., t. t.

Senatūs auctoritas,

The will of the senate:

agrum Picenum contra senatūs auctoritatem dividere,

Cic. Sen. 4, 11.—More freq.,

A decree of the senate, = Senatūs consultum:

Senatūs vetus auctoritas de Bacchanalibus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37:

sine senatūs auctoritate foedus facere,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

Senatūs auctoritas gravissima intercessit,

id. Fam. 1, 2 fin.:

responditque ita ex auctoritate senatūs consul,

Liv. 7, 31:

imperio non populi jussu, non ex auctoritate patrum dato,

id. 26, 2:

Neminem exulum nisi ex Senatūs auctoritate restituit,

Suet. Claud. 12:

citra senatūs populique auctoritatem,

id. Caes. 28 al. —Hence the superscription to the decrees of the Senate:

SENATVS. CONSVLTI. AVCTORITAS., abbrev., S. C. A.,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—Sometimes between senatūs auctoritas and senatūs consultum this distinction is to be made, that the former designates a decision of the senate, invalidated by the protestation of the tribune of the people or by the people themselves;

the latter, one that is passed without opposition,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8; Liv. 4, 57.—

Auctoritas populi, the popular will or decision:

isti principes et sibi et ceteris populi universi auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22; so,

publica,

Vell. 2, 62, 3; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—

Auctoritas collegii (pontificum), Liv. 34, 44; cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 19 and 21.—

Liberty, ability, power, authority to do according to one's pleasure:

qui habet imperium a populo Romano auctoritatem legum dandarum ab senatu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49:

Verres tantum sibi auctoritatis in re publicā suscepit, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 58: Invita in hoc loco versatur oratio;

videtur enim auctoritatem adferre peccandi,

id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

Senatūs faciem secum attulerat auctoritatemque populi Romani,

id. Phil. 8, 8.—

Might, power, authority, reputation, dignity, influence, weight (very freq.):

ut vostra auctoritas Meae auctoritati fautrix adjutrixque sit, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 40: aequitate causae et auctoritate suā aliquem commovere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48:

id maximā auctoritate philosophi adfirmant,

id. Off. 3, 29, 105:

Digna est memoriā Q. Catuli cum auctoritas tum verecundia,

Vell. 2, 32:

optimatium auctoritatem deminuere,

Suet. Caes. 11; so,

auctoritatem habere,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10 fin.; id. Sen. 17, 60:

adripere,

id. ib. 18, 62; id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

facere,

to procure, obtain, id. Imp. Pomp. 15: Grandis auctoritatis es et bene regis regnum Israël, * Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

imminuere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37 fin.:

levare,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

fructus capere auctoritatis,

id. Sen. 18, 62:

Quae sunt voluptates corporis cum auctoritatis praemiis comparandae?

id. ib. 18, 64 et saep. — Transf. to things, importance, significance, weight, power, worth, value, estimation:

bos in pecuariā maximā debet esse auctoritate,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

sunt certa legum verba... quo plus auctoritatis habeant, paulo antiquiora,

more weight, force, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:

totius hujusce rei quae sit vis, quae auctoritas, quod pondus, ignorant,

id. Fl. 4:

utilitatis species falsa ab honestatis auctoritate superata est,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109: cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem, of this honorable place, i. e. the rostra, id. Imp. Pomp 1:

bibliothecas omnium philosophorum mihi videtur XII. tabularum libellus auctoritatis pondere superare,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; id. Fam. 1, 7; Dolab. ap. Cic. ib. 9, 9 fin.:

auctoritas praecipua lupo (pisci),

Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61: Post eum (Maecenatum) interiit auctoritas sapori (pullorum [p. 200] asinorum), id. 8, 43, 68, § 170 Jan:

unguentorum,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 4:

auctoritas dignitasque formae,

Suet. Claud. 30.—Also of feigned, assumed authority:

nec cognovi quemquam, qui majore auctoritate nihil diceret,

that said nothing with a greater air of authority, Cic. Div. 2, 67, 139.—

An example, pattern, model:

omnium superiorum auctoritatem repudiare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

memoriā digna juventuti rei publicae capessendae auctoritas disciplinaque,

id. Sest. 6, 14:

valuit auctoritas,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 93; 2, 5, 32:

tu is es qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, sed auctoritati aliorum pareas,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16 al.—

A warrant, security for establishing a fact, assertion, etc., credibility:

cum ea (justitia) sine prudentiā satis habeat auctoritatis,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 34:

desinant putare, auctoritatem esse in eo testimonio, cujus auctor inventus est nemo,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

Quid vero habet auctoritatis furor iste, quem divinum vocatis?

id. Div. 2, 54, 110:

tollitur omnis auctoritas somniorum,

id. ib. 2, 59, 123:

cum ad vanitatem accessit auctoritas,

id. Lael. 25, 94.—

Meton., the things which serve for the verification or establishment of a fact.

A record, document:

videt legationes, cum publicis auctoritatibus convenisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

nihil putas valere in judiciis civitatum auctoritates ac litteras,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, § 146.—

The name of a person who is security for something, authority:

cum auctoritates principum conjurationis colligeret,

Cic. Sull. 13, 37:

sed tu auctoritates contemnis, ratione pugnas,

id. N. D. 3, 4, 9.—Hence for the names of persons present at the drawing up of a decree of the senate:

quod in auctoritatibus praescriptis exstat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 5: Senatūs consultum, quod tibi misi, factum est auctoritatesque perscriptae, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—

Right of possession (cf. auctor, II. F. 1.):

lex usum et auctoritatem fundi jubet esse biennium,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 54:

usūs auctoritas fundi biennium est,

id. Top. 4, 23; so id. Caecin. 26, 74; id. Har. Resp. 7; Lex Atin. ap. Gell. 17, 6; cf. Hugo, Rechtsgesch. p. 217 sq.—So in the laws of the XII. Tables: ADVERSVS. HOSTEM. AETERNA. AVCTORITAS., against a stranger the right of possession is perpetual (i. e. a stranger cannot, by prescription, obtain the right of possession to the property of a Roman), ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37.—

In jurid. lang., a guaranty, security, Paul. Sent. 2, 17.

axon, ŏnis, m., = axôn.

A line upon the sundial, its axis, Vitr. 9, 5.—

A part of the ballista, Vitr. 10, 17.—

Axŏnes, um, the laws of Solon engraved on tables of wood (axibus ligneis, Gell. 2, 12;

v. axis, II. F.),

Amm. 16, 5.

Axon, ŏnis, m., a river in Caria, Plin. 5, 27, 29, § 103.

axon, ŏnis, m., = axôn.

A line upon the sundial, its axis, Vitr. 9, 5.—

A part of the ballista, Vitr. 10, 17.—

Axŏnes, um, the laws of Solon engraved on tables of wood (axibus ligneis, Gell. 2, 12;

v. axis, II. F.),

Amm. 16, 5.

Axon, ŏnis, m., a river in Caria, Plin. 5, 27, 29, § 103.

dĕcem-vĭri (in MSS. and old edd. often Xviri), um or ōrum ( gen. -virum, Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 39; 2, 21, 56; id. Rep. 2, 36, 61; Varr. L. L. 9, § 85 Müll.; Liv. 27, 8; 40, 12: -virorum only in Liv., where it is very freq.), m. [vir], a college or commission of ten men, the decemviri or decemvirs, Roman magistrates of various kinds.

The most famous were called decemviri legibus scribundis, the composers of the Twelve Tables, who ruled alone, and absolutely, in the years of Rome 303 to 305 (legally only 303 and 304; hence "neque decemviralis potestas ultra biennium," Tac. A. 1, 1), Cic. Rep. 2, 36 sq.; Liv. 3, 32 sq.; Gell. 20, 1, 3.—In sing., Cic. Rep. 2, 36 fin.; Liv. 3, 33 fin.; 40; 46; 48 al. The fragments which remain of these laws form one of the most important monuments of the early Latin language; and have been critically edited by R. Schoell, Leips., 1866; cf. Momms. Rom. Hist. book 2, ch. 2; Lange, Röm. Alter. 1, 535 sqq.; Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 503 sq.—

Decemviri stlitibus (litibus) judicandis, a standing tribunal for deciding causes involving liberty or citizenship, and which represented the praetor, Cic. Or. 46, 156; Suet. Aug. 36; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 29; Corp. Inscr. Lat. 8, 38 (A. U. C. 615); cf. Cic. Caec. 33, 97. —In the sing., Inscr. Orell. no. 133 and 554. —

Decemviri agris dividundis, a commission for distributing the public land to the people, Cic. Agr. 1, 6 sq.; 2, 7 sq.; Liv. 31, 4 and 42; cf.:

X. VIR. A. D. A. (i. e. decemviri agris dandis assignandis),

Inscr. Orell. 544.—

Decemviri sacris faciundis, a college of priests who preserved the Sibylline books, had charge of the Apollinaria, etc.; its number in the time of the emperors was increased to sixty, Liv. 10, 8; 25, 12 al.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 554.

lex, lēgis, f. [perh. Sanscr. root lag-, lig-, to fasten; Lat. ligo, to bind, oblige; cf. religio], a proposition or motion for a law made to the people by a magistrate, a bill (cf. institutum).

Lit.:

legem ferre: antiquare,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73:

rogare,

id. Phil. 2, 29, 72:

leges ac jura ferre,

Juv. 2, 72:

legem promulgavit pertulitque, ut, etc.,

Liv. 33, 46:

Antonius fixit legem a dictatore comitiis latam, qua, etc.,

Cic. Att. 14, 12:

legem sciscere de aliqua re,

id. Planc. 14, 35:

populus R. jussit legem de civitate tribuenda,

id. Balb. 17, 38:

repudiare,

id. Lael. 25, 96.—

Transf.

A bill which has become a law in consequence of its adoption by the people in the comitia, a law (cf.: jus, fas; decretum, edictum, scitum): legem constituere alicui, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40:

legem gravem alicui imponere,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

legem neglegere, evertere, perfringere,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

neglegere, perrumpere,

id. Leg. 1, 15, 42:

leges ac jura labefactare,

id. Caecin. 25, 70:

legem condere,

Liv. 3, 34: leges duodecim tabularum, the laws composed by the decemvirs, the foundation of Roman legislation, Liv. 3, 33 sq.:

nunc barbaricā lege certumst jus meum omne persequi,

i. e. by the Roman law, that of the Twelve Tables, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 32.—

Esp. in phrases.

Lege and legibus, according to law, by law, legally:

ejus morte ea ad me lege redierunt bona,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 4:

Athenas deductus est, ut ibi de eo legibus fieret judicium,

Nep. Phoc. 3, 4.—

Legis actio, a statutory process:

actiones quas in usu veteres habuerunt legis actiones appellabantur, vel ideo quod legibus proditae sunt,... vel ideo quia ipsarum legum verbis accommodatae erant, et ideo inmutabiles proinde atque leges observabantur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 11; cf. § 12 sqq.—

Hence, in partic.: lege agere, to proceed strictly according to law.

Of the lictor, to execute a sentence:

Fulvius praeconi imperavit, ut lictorem lege agere juberet,

Liv. 26, 15, 9. —

To bring a legal or statutory action: una injuria est tecum. Chr. Lege agito ergo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 90: lege agito dicebatur ei cujus intentio contemptibilis adversario videbatur, Don. ad Ter. l. l.: lege agito mecum;

molestus ne sis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 11:

lege egit in hereditatem paternam exheres filius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175; 1, 36, 167; id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 115.—

Fraudem legi facere, to evade the law:

ut ne legi fraudem faciant aleariae, adcuratote ut, etc.,

the law against dicing, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9:

quod emancupando filium fraudem legi fecisset,

Liv. 7, 16, 9; cf. Val. Max. 8, 6, 3; cf.

also: facio fraudem senatus consulto,

Cic. Att. 4, 12, 1.—

In gen., a law, precept, regulation, principle, rule, mode, manner:

qui disciplinam suam legem vitae putet,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

communis condicio lexque vitae,

id. ib. 4, 29, 62; id. Balb. 7, 18:

haec lex in amicitia sauciatur,

id. Lael. 12, 40:

quaero cur vir bonus has sibi tam gravis leges imposuerit,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

lex veri rectique,

id. ib. 2, 9, 27:

aliquam legem vitae accipere,

Sen. Ep. 108, 6:

ad legem naturae revertamur,

id. ib. 25, 4:

leges in historia observandae,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 5:

quis nescit primam esse historiae legem, ne quid falsi dicere audeat?

id. de Or. 2, 15, 62; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

vetus est lex amicitiae, ut idem amici semper velint,

id. Planc. 2, 5:

hanc ad legem formanda est oratio,

id. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

versibus est certa quaedam et definita lex,

id. Or. 58:

legibus suis (i. e. philosophiae) parere,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 19:

leges Epicuri,

id. ib. 5, 37, 108; 4, 4, 7; Sen. Ep. 94, 15; Suet. Ner. 24:

vetus lex sermonis,

Quint. 1, 5, 29:

contra leges loquendi,

id. 1, 8, 13:

lex et ratio loquendi,

Juv. 6, 453:

secundum grammaticam legem,

Gell. 13, 21, 22:

legem esse aiunt disciplinae dialecticae, etc.,

id. 16, 2, 1:

citharae leges,

Tac. A. 16, 4:

beneficii,

Sen. Ben. 2, 10, 4:

sic ingens rerum numerus jubet atque operum lex,

Juv. 7, 102:

scimus hujus opusculi illam esse legem, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 5:

qui titulus sola metri lege constringitur,

id. ib. 4, 14, 8.—Of things:

quā sidera lege mearent,

by what law, what rule, Ov. M. 15, 71.—Hence, sine lege, without order, in confusion, confusedly:

exspatiantur equi... quaque impetus egit, Hac sine lege ruunt,

Ov. M. 2, 204:

jacent collo sparsi sine lege capilli,

id. H. 15, 73:

haec in lege loci commoda Circus habet,

quality, nature, id. Am. 3, 2, 20; cf.:

sub lege loci sumit mutatque figuras,

id. Hal. 32.—

A contract, agreement, covenant:

oleam faciundam hac lege oportet locare, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 145:

in mancipii lege,

a contract of sale, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178; cf.:

Manilianas venalium vendendorum leges ediscere,

id. ib. 1, 58, 246: collegii Aesculapii, Inscr. ap. Fabrett. p. 724, n. 443.—

A condition, stipulation (cf. condicio).

In gen. (mostly ante-class.):

ego dabo ei talentum, primus qui in crucem excucurrerit, Set ca lege, ut offigantur bis pedes,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 13:

quia nequit, qua lege licuit velle dixit fieri,

id. Stich. 3, 1, 58: estne empta mi haec? Pe. His legibus [p. 1056] habeas licet, id. Ep. 3, 4, 39:

hac lege tibi adstringo meam fidem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 22:

legibus dictis,

Liv. 9, 5, 3:

dicta tibi est lex,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 18:

sed vos saevas imponite leges,

Juv. 7, 229.—

Hence of conditions or terms of peace:

pax data Philippo in has leges est,

Liv. 33, 30:

quibus ante dictum est legibus, pacem fecerunt,

id. 30, 43:

pacemque his legibus constituerunt,

Nep. Tim. 2:

se sub leges pacis iniquae Tradere,

Verg. A. 4, 618:

leges et foedera jungere,

id. ib. 12, 822:

in leges ire,

Stat. S. 1, 1, 27.—

In eccl. Lat. esp., the law of Moses:

nolite putare quoniam veni solvere legem,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 17; 11, 13;

often called lex Moysi,

id. Luc. 2, 22; id. Act. 15, 5;

but more freq. lex Domini,

id. Luc. 2, 23; id. Psa. 4, 2:

lex Dei,

id. 2 Esdr. 10, 28 sq.;

also cf.: lex Altissimi,

id. Eccl. 19, 21:

lex tua,

id. Psa. 39, 8; 118, 18:

lex mea,

id. Prov. 3, 1.—Also of a precept of the Mosaic law:

ista est lex animantium,

Vulg. Lev. 11, 46:

istae sunt leges quas constituit Dominus,

id. Num. 30, 17.

pontĭfex ( pontŭ-), fĭcis [doubtless from pons-facio; but the original meaning is obscure], m., a Roman high-priest, a pontiff, pontifex (cf.:

antistes, sacerdos): pontifices, ut Q. Scaevola pontifex maximus dicebat, a posse et facere,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 83 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20, on the laws of the Twelve Tables; id. de Or. 3, 19, 73; id. Rep. 2, 14, 26; Liv. 1, 20; Ov. F. 6, 454; Hor. C. 3, 30, 9; 2, 14, 28; 3, 23, 12; id. Ep. 2, 1, 26; Juv. 6, 604. Their chief or president was called Pontifex Maximus, Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 18; id. de Or. 2, 12, 51; Liv. 3, 54; 25, 5 et saep.: MAIOR VESTAE, Inscr. (a. 353 p. Chr. n.) Orell. 3184: pontifices minores, a lower class of pontiffs, minor or sub- pontiffs:

scribae pontificis, quos nunc minores pontifices appellant,

Liv. 22, 57, 3; Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 12; Verr. Fl. Fast. ap. Inscr. Orell. 2, p. 408;

Inscr. Cenot. Pisan. ap. Orell. 643: pontifices seu minores seu maximi,

Lact. 5, 19, 12.—

Transf.

The Jewish high-priest:

Pontifex, id est, sacerdos maximus,

Vulg. Lev. 21, 10:

Caiapham pontificem,

id. Johan. 18, 24.—Hence,

In the Christian period, a bishop, Sid. Carm. 16, 6.

pontĭfex ( pontŭ-), fĭcis [doubtless from pons-facio; but the original meaning is obscure], m., a Roman high-priest, a pontiff, pontifex (cf.:

antistes, sacerdos): pontifices, ut Q. Scaevola pontifex maximus dicebat, a posse et facere,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 83 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20, on the laws of the Twelve Tables; id. de Or. 3, 19, 73; id. Rep. 2, 14, 26; Liv. 1, 20; Ov. F. 6, 454; Hor. C. 3, 30, 9; 2, 14, 28; 3, 23, 12; id. Ep. 2, 1, 26; Juv. 6, 604. Their chief or president was called Pontifex Maximus, Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 18; id. de Or. 2, 12, 51; Liv. 3, 54; 25, 5 et saep.: MAIOR VESTAE, Inscr. (a. 353 p. Chr. n.) Orell. 3184: pontifices minores, a lower class of pontiffs, minor or sub- pontiffs:

scribae pontificis, quos nunc minores pontifices appellant,

Liv. 22, 57, 3; Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 12; Verr. Fl. Fast. ap. Inscr. Orell. 2, p. 408;

Inscr. Cenot. Pisan. ap. Orell. 643: pontifices seu minores seu maximi,

Lact. 5, 19, 12.—

Transf.

The Jewish high-priest:

Pontifex, id est, sacerdos maximus,

Vulg. Lev. 21, 10:

Caiapham pontificem,

id. Johan. 18, 24.—Hence,

In the Christian period, a bishop, Sid. Carm. 16, 6.